Are they functionally, morphologically and molecularly the same or does it depend on the tumour source?In contrast to the research described above there is evidence to suggest that MSCs can also have an inhibitory effect on tumour growth.
Mol Cancer Res. MSC and tumour cell interaction in cancer progression.
2004;64(23):8492–5.Ishii G, et al. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. high secretion of IL‐6), specialized ECM remodeling ability, and robust autocrine activation and dynamic immunomodulatory signaling functions. MSCs are the common predecessors of cells of the mesenchymal lineage, such as bone, cartilage, and fat cells. MSCs have been found to migrate towards inflammatory sites and studies have shown that they also … The key question is how they interact there. PLoS One. Immunol Rev.
1997;80(8 Suppl):1588–94.Cooper CR, et al. Bone marrow‐derived MSCs can inhibit NK cell proliferation, cytotoxicity, and cytokine production by secreting IDO1, TGF‐β, HLA‐G, and PGE2 Dendritic cell (DC) function is affected by MSCs, which can directly inhibit both the maturation of monocytes and CD34MSCs seem to favor the emergence of the myeloid suppressor cell (MDSC) phenotype by secreting IL‐6, HGF, and CXCL3 (C‐X‐C motif chemokine ligand 3), which stimulate MDSC production of COX2 (cyclooxygenase‐II enzyme, PTGS2), IDO, PD‐L1, and PD‐L2, and MMP9 (matrix metalloproteinase 9) Mesenchymal stromal cells direct monocyte mobilization from the BM and macrophage recruitment to sites of inflammation to promote wound repair through secretion of the chemokine (C‐C motif) ligands CCL2, CCL3, and CCL12. 2005;438(7069):820–7.Martin FT, et al.
Cell Tissue Kinet. Carcinogenesis. However, as MSCs and fibroblasts share numerous functional features, it is possible that maturation or aging (although not in the sense of cell senescence) rather differentiation distinguish the two cell types. Although MSCs are primarily pro‐tumorigenic, several studies have shown that they may display anti‐tumor effects (8) as well.
(2) In the tumor microenvironment, MSCs are continuously exposed to pro‐inflammatory cytokines and tend to express both TLR3 and TLR4. 2010;127(10):2323–33.Chaturvedi P, et al. Our findings may help to elucidate the interaction between cancer cells and MSC, as well as the application of MSC to clinical trials. Handb Exp Pharmacol.
MSCs have been shown to promote EMT in tumour cells through direct cell-cell contact, which could in part be due to TGFβ secretion [Some research groups have investigated the tumour promoting function of MSCs isolated from the tumour, arguably a more realistic approach to understanding the role of MSCs within the tumour microenvironment.
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