Roman Catholicism - Roman Catholicism - The age of Reformation and Counter-Reformation: The most traumatic era in the entire history of Roman Catholicism, some have argued, was the period from the middle of the 14th century to the middle of the 16th. (Wikipedia) The Council of Trent would redefine the Church and… Much of the instrumental music composed during the Renaissance was intended for _____. It also involved political activities that included the Various Counter-Reformation theologians focused only on defending doctrinal positions such as the sacraments and pious practices that were attacked by the Protestant reformers,It rejected all compromise with Protestants, restating basic tenets of the Catholic Faith. They often moved in large leap scales. What is the melody and harmony of the Middle Ages music? The musical liturgy of the church was being more and more influenced by secular tunes and styles. . The councils were simply responding to issues of their day.The idea that the Council called to remove all polyphony from the church is widespread, but there is no documentary evidence to support that claim. (1) the literature of the time stressed earthly sensuality(2) rival popes claimed authority at the same time, thereby weakening the authority of the church The worldly excesses of the secular The council, by virtue of its actions, repudiated the pluralism of the secular Renaissance that had previously plagued the Church: the organization of religious institutions was tightened, discipline was improved, and the parish was emphasized. The Renaissance in music occurred between _____. Often, these rural priests did not know Parish priests were to be better educated in matters of theology and Thus, the Council of Trent attempted to improve the discipline and administration of the Church. In fact, the reforms proscribed to the cloisters, which included omitting the use of an organ, prohibiting professional musicians, and banishing polyphonic singing, were much more strict than any of the Council’s edicts or even those to be found in the Palestrina legend.Fueling the cry for reform from many ecclesial figures was the compositional technique popular in the 15th and 16th centuries of using musical material and even the accompanying texts from other compositions such as motets,madrigals, and chansons. The two main forms of sacred Renaissance music are . With Martin Luther bringing about the Protestant Reformation, the Roman Catholic Church responded to the threat with a Counter-Reformation. In general, Northern Europe, with the exception of most of Ireland, came under the influence of Protestantism. Prompted by the Protestant Reformation, it has been described as the embodiment of the Counter-Reformation. (1) the first composers known by name (2) indicated definite time values and a clearly defined meter in music (3) were the leaders of the school of Notre Dame. Probably the most extreme move at reform came late in 1562 when, instructed by the legates, Egidio Foscarari (bishop of Modena) and Gabriele Paleotti began work on reforming cloisters of nuns and their practices involving the liturgy. The Catholic Church had spoken out against a perceived abuse of music used in the mass before the Council of Trent ever convened to discuss music in 1562. The 22nd session of the council, which met in 1562, dealt with Church music in Canon 8 in the section of "Abuses in the Sacrifice of the Mass" during a meeting of the council on September 10, 1562.Canon 8 states that "Since the sacred mysteries should be celebrated with utmost reverence, with both deepest feeling toward God alone, and with external worship that is truly suitable and becoming, so that others may be filled with devotion and called to religion: ... Everything should be regulated so that the Masses, whether they be celebrated with the plain voice or in song, with everything clearly and quickly executed, may reach the ears of the hearers and quietly penetrate their hearts.

What are the basic scales of Western music during the Middle Ages? The Council of Trent did not focus on the style of music but on attitudes of worship and reverence during the mass.The crises regarding polyphony and intelligibility of the text and the threat that polyphony was to be removed completely, which was assumed to be coming from the Council, has a very dramatic legend of resolution.

Notebooks and handbooks became more common, describing how to be good priests and confessors.The Council of Trent is believed to be the apex of the Counter-Reformation’s influence on church music in the 16th century.

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