(ii) Isolation and killing of diseased larvae and pupae and (iii) Disinfection of rearing place and appliances with 2% formalin. Red muscardine may be caused bv Sorosporella uvella and Spicaria fumosorosea with their red spores. This mixture taken in muslin cloth can be spread directly on silkworm in each instar at a recommended dosage of 4 gm/ 0.1 nr of rearing tray. extremely high concentration of pebrine spores ( spores. ) (ii) Diseased larvae if detected in rearing tray/bed should immediately be removed and burnt. (iii) Following death, the body colour of larvae changes to crimson red.
The diseases having symptoms of diarrhoea and vomiting are collectively called Flacherie. (iv) For disinfection of rearing accessories, other agents like Benomyl. Any kind of dampness in and around rearing place is to be avoided. The diseased silkworms show following general symptoms: (v) Shrinkage of body after moulting and these larvae usually refuse to take any food, (vi) The body become dull coloured to black-brown, (vii) The larvae show signs of pain, convulsions and die, (viii) The carcass turns black and emits foul smell (Fig. Bacillus thuringiensis, bacteria widely used as a bioinsecticide, release some endotoxin thuricide, that remains stored in a parasporal crystalline structure during the time of sporulation of the bacteria. This disease is also known as clear head disease because of the transparent appearance of affected worms.
The infected larvae pass bacterial spore containing stool which acts as new source of infection. (i) Rearing of larvae in hygienic conditions, and (ii) Disinfection of rearing place and appliances between each stage of whole rearing process. (i) Shrinkage of body with transparent appearance. (vi) Death. Survival percentage was increased in all generations (~92.0% at generation) when silkworm rearing was conducted under new integrated disease management system. Flacherie infected silkworms look weak and can die from this disease.
(i) Sluggish movement showing “unequals” in rearing bed, (iii) Coloured patches may appear around spiracles or at leg bases, (vi) Early infected larvae do not spin, but late infected instars may spin flimsy cocoon within which the pupae die, and (vii) Dead larvae may be covered with coloured spores of causative fungi or may be mummified into chalky white structure (Fig. may induce the spreading of this disease by transforming latent stage to virulent stage of the pathogen. These diseases affect larvae turn black in colour, rot and emit foul smellThe infected larvae become inactive, stop feeding, experience ResearchGate has not been able to resolve any citations for this publication.ResearchGate has not been able to resolve any references for this publication.Join ResearchGate to find the people and research you need to help your work.To develope an antibody–based biosensor with high specificity, sensitivity and the option of “on–site” Bomby mori nucleopolyhedrovirus detection.
During moulting, new bed should be kept thin and old newspaper can be kept below the bed to prevent muscardine infection during wet season. Analysis of variance of three years pooled disease severity data revealed significant varietal and seasonal effect on all diseases. Ingestion of leaves contaminated with PIB from the dead tissue or faeces from infected worms can transmit the disease to fresh worms. Aspergillus flavus and A. oryzel cause brown muscardine with producing spores dirty brown in colour. The disinfectant did not have adverse effect on silkworm growth, health and economic characters.
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