Name must be less than 100 characters Human cases of H7N9 virus infection in China reported have been primarily associated with exposure to infected poultry. Free PMC article

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Flu spreads around the world in seasonal epidemics. We estimated the basic reproductive number for this outbreak to be 1.2 (supported interval 1.1-1.4), the serial interval to be 1.9 days (supported interval 1.6-3.8 days), and that the virus had at least six serial human to human transmissions. The disease is believed to have killed 20–100 million individuals worldwide, having a considerable impact on public health not only in the past but also in the present [ 1 ]. However, transmissibility and immune responses in the tree shrew model for different IAVs have not been comprehensively investigated.

2019 Feb 27;4(1):41. doi: 10.3390/tropicalmed4010041. 2020 Jun 1;15(6):e0232948. The indexes related to transmissibility (reproduction number, attack rate, serial interval, latent period, incubation period, infectious period) and severity (hospitalization rate, case fatality rate) differed by influenza subtype. Unable to load your collection due to an error Efficient worldwide swine surveillance for influenza A viruses is urgently needed; the emergence of a novel reassortant pandemic H1N1 (pH1N1) virus in 2009 demonstrated that swine can be the direct source of pandemic influenza and that the pandemic potential of viruses prevalent in swine populations must be monitored. The characteristics of influenza might vary depending on the disease subtype.

CDC twenty four seven. Ferrets are considered the best small mammal for studying flu virus infection and are commonly used as a tool for the risk assessment of emerging flu viruses that may pose a risk to public health.The ferret studies revealed that the H7N9 viruses spread readily among ferrets placed in the same cage. Generally, H3N2 showed a higher attack rate than H1N1 and H2N2. Key events during the outbreak and investigation of A/New Jersey/76 at Fort Dix. The 2009 flu pandemic primarily affected children and young adults, and 80% of the deaths were in people younger than 65, the CDC reported.
Additionally, H5N1 and H7N9 showed higher mortality rates than the other subtypes, including H1N1, H2N2, H3N2.We use cookies to help provide and enhance our service and tailor content and ads. We used the ferret model to assess the pathogenicity and transmissibility … The five subtypes of influenza A virus, namely, H1N1, H2N2, H3N3, H5N1, and H7N9, are reviewed. The five subtypes of influenza A virus, namely, H1N1, H2N2, H3N3, H5N1, and H7N9, are reviewed. Epub 2011 May 7.Xiao H, Tian H, Lin X, Gao L, Dai X, Zhang X, Chen B, Zhao J, Xu J.Chin Sci Bull.



Compared to a human seasonal flu virus from last season, the H7N9 viruses were considerably less capable of transmitting by the respiratory route.Other study findings indicated that the H7N9 virus did not cause severe disease in the ferrets and did not spread systemically to the spleen, kidney, liver, or intestinal tract.
Additionally, H5N1 and H7N9 showed higher mortality rates than the other subtypes, including H1N1, H2N2, H3N2.We use cookies to help provide and enhance our service and tailor content and ads. Ten pandemics were recorded before the Spanish flu of 1918.

PLoS One. The indexes related to transmissibility (reproduction number, attack rate, serial interval, latent period, incubation period, infectious period) and severity (hospitalization rate, case fatality rate) differed by influenza subtype.

… Compared with ferrets, the virus caused more lethal illness in the mice, and the virus was more capable of replicating in the lungs of mice compared with other avian and human seasonal viruses tested in the study.

We find that it is only really possible to estimate a lower bound on the degree of seasonal variation in influenza transmissibility, namely that transmissibility in the low transmission season may be only 5-10% less than the peak value. These results give some insight into the extent to which transmissibility of the H1N1pdm pandemic virus may increase in Northern Hemisphere temperate countries in winter 2009. Currently no human cases of H7N9 virus infection have been reported in the United States.The paper describes the results of multiple studies conducted on two H7N9 viruses obtained from fatal human H7N9 cases from China. In the history of human influenza, Spanish flu (1918–20), caused by influenza A virus (H1N1), has resulted in the biggest disaster to date. This places the transmissibility of A/New Jersey/76 virus at the lower end of circulating flu strains, well below the threshold for control. 2007 Aug 22;4(15):755-62. doi: 10.1098/rsif.2007.0228. The household secondary attack proportion (SAP) is often used to characterize the transmissibility of an infectious disease.

2019 Jul 24;24:67. doi: 10.4103/jrms.JRMS_888_18. This measure is defined as the probability that a susceptible person will be infected by someone in his or her household who has already been infected. Aim We characterised transmissibility during seasonal influenza epidemics, including one influenza pandemic, in Spain during the 21th century by using the moving epidemic method (MEM) to calculate intensity levels and estimate differences across seasons and age groups.

eCollection 2019.Pulit-Penaloza JA, Belser JA, Tumpey TM, Maines TR.Trop Med Infect Dis. The attack rate and incubation period of influenza A were 2.3-12.3% and 1.4 days, respectively, and th … The indexes related to transmissibility and severity differed by influenza subtype.Influenza A showed higher attack rate and longer incubation period compared to influenza B.Generally, H3N2 showed a higher attack rate than H1N1 and H2N2.Additionally, H5N1 and H7N9 showed higher mortality rates than the other subtypes, including H1N1, H2N2, H3N2.The characteristics of influenza might vary depending on the disease subtype. ScienceDirect ® is a registered trademark of Elsevier B.V.Transmissibility and severity of influenza virus by subtypeScienceDirect ® is a registered trademark of Elsevier B.V.

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